Thursday, September 3, 2020

Problematic Marriage in Much Ado About Nothing Essay example -- Much A

Examining Marriage in Much Ado Regarding Nothing   Much Ado About Nothing raises numerous significant issues concerning the organization of marriage. Maybe Shakespeare's motivation recorded as a hard copy this play was to scrutinize the current way to deal with connections and marriage. Shakespeare uncovers the flaws of the procedure through the characters of Hero and Claudio and furthermore Hero's dad, Leonato. Shakespeare additionally might be recommending an elective way to deal with marriage and connections through the characters of Beatrice and Benedick.   â â â â  Shakespeare does this through the characters of Hero and Claudio. Claudio out of nowhere turns out to be exceptionally captivated with Hero while coming back from the war. Or maybe we should state that he has gotten very captivated with her cash. What's more, indications it clearly to different characters in the book by making statements like, Hath Leonato any child, my lord?(1.1.262).â Who, despite the fact that these characters realize he needs her for her cash, which is seen by Benedick saying, would you get her that you enquire after/her?(1.1.159-60) and Pedro saying, That she is commendable, I know(1.1.204) never really stop the up and coming association. Truth be told, they energize it on the grounds that as of now, it isn't at all irregular for a man to wed a lady for her cash. Actually, it was normally practiced.â Shakespeare utilizes lines, for example, these to focus on the necessities a noble man has when searching for a spouse. He tosses these sort of lines in to make the crowd mindful either subliminally or deliberately so that perhaps they will address whether two individuals ought to be hitched based on how much the lady of the hour is worth. Pedro charms Hero for Claudio and no doubt she would have one as similarly just as the... ...sublime employment of attempting to open the crowd's eyes to the deficiencies in the organization of marriage. He has done it a way that the crowd can't leave the play with intentionally or subliminally scrutinizing the things with which they were simply introduced. Maybe Shakespeare trusted these inquiries would prompt further thought on the issues of marriage and it's present shows.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Works Cited and Consulted:  Lewalski, B. K. Love, Appearance and Reality: Much Ado About Something Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 8 (1968): 235-251.  Rossiter, A.P. Much Ado About Nothing.â William Shakespeare Comedies and Romances. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986.  Shakespeare, William;â Much Ado About Nothing;â Washington Square Press;â New York, NY; New Folger Edition May 1995

Saturday, August 22, 2020

High-Publicity Sexual Harassment Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

High-Publicity Sexual Harassment Cases - Essay Example Thus, multinationals in America face high claims, drop in representative efficiency, loss of specialist resolve, and conceivable harm to firms nearby and universal notoriety (Harrington, P., and Lonsway, K. A. 2007). These thusly adversely influence the general economy of the nation. Despite the realities, ongoing prominent cases show that organizations despite everything ignore the dangers and incline toward taking risks. For example, In 2008 Christina Rich got $5 million remuneration for working environment inappropriate behavior. It took just two years and in 2010 David Jones’s CEO confronted comparative allegations by advertising laborer Kristy Fraser-Kirk. At long last, in 2012 Vivienne Dye guarantees over a similar issue against two directors in the financial business was dismissed. The wonder mirrors an absolutely unsuitable working environment conduct. It presents the significant infringement of workers’ rights particularly the ladies. What's more, it is again st the government law and human rights. A portion of these effects are dependable and fundamentally influence company’s open picture. For instance, the instance of Dov Charney and the American Apparel Inc. laborers in 2014 are new on people groups mind. Charney was terminated for abuse of organization cash and posting exposed pictures of previous female representatives who sued him for lewd behavior on the Internet (Ream, A. K. 2014). Thinking about the events, the demonstrations are heartless and obsolete practices that advance good disintegration among the citizens. An examination of worker life when such rates shows that the genuine effect of lewd behavior on the conduct of the workforce is colossal. Frequently, the circumstances are extraordinary in that, a few representatives endure the loss of pride, mortification, mental injury, and harm to proficient profession and notoriety. Obviously, the casualties consistently have an issue to pick between their self-esteem and work. In different conditions, they face the extreme choice between their own security and employments.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Indian Beer Industry – Oligopoly

Economies of scale: The expansion inâ efficiency of productionâ as the quantity of goodsâ being delivered increments. Government strategies: limitations on publicizing prompting proxy ADVT. , polic ies which make it hard for development of organizations. Access to dispersion channels: cost of circulation in this industry should be taken a gander at consistently. On the off chance that organizations in this industry conveys critical expenses from circulation which are, at that point reflected in their costs to clients, the clients will pick the competition.Suppliers item separation/SWITCHING COSTS OF BUYERS: the improvement of new items that may make another request or make rehash clients is constantly a key achievement when in an opposition. Leave boundaries: Typical hindrances to exit incorporate exceptionally specific resources, which might be hard to sell or move, tremendous leave costs, for example, resource benefits and conclusion costs, and between related organizations, mak ing it infeasible to sell a piece of it. Another regular boundary to exit is loss of client generosity. Purchasers exchanging costs: n request to stay serious, organizations in this division must make their items promptly accessible and open to their clients or they will go with the opposition. Publicizing: when everyone’s promoting in the business is d same, its simple for organizations to lose all sense of direction in the blend. Anyway by remaining on top wid fascinating and better approaches to advance an item, individuals recall that item better. Significance of a particular item to a client: A demon upper hand that guarantees that clients will be less inclined to change to another organization for a comparable item. Purchasers USE OF MULTIPLE SOURCES: urchasers with respect to the determination of providers (sources), e. g. the utilization of a solitary or at least two (different) sources. {Considers the support of either strategy with regards to decreasing the vulnerab ility (danger) of a specific buy. Represents the advertisers perspective on sourcing and the varying deals strategies utilized by the providers' inclinations. Presumes that buyers ought to analyze vulnerability purchasing selling circumstances (UBSS) impartially concerning their own associations' need rules, e. g. cost and practicality, this deciding the important sourcing policy}.Demand and flexibly bend: interest for lager increments at all costs 1. At first in harmony with P1 and Q1. 2. A non-value determinant of interest (accessibility of supplement products) has changed: the interest bend moves out from D0 to D1 At the underlying value level there is overabundance request with amount requested transcending the amount providers are eager to gracefully at value P1 (? 2. 50) 3. The market cost reacts to abundance request by expanding. This makes request contract once more (development back up the interest bend), yet in addition gracefully to extend (development down the flexibly b end) 4.The new harmony is arrived at where gracefully and request are equivalent at the more significant expense P2 (? 3) and Q2 (50 jugs) One of the purposes behind higher deals of brew in South-India is the hot and moist atmosphere for around 10 months. Because of this individuals expend brew all during the time expanding the volumes. As the figures recommend, thehot states contribute most to the incomes produced from the lager deals. (See Exhibit 15) . Thus we presume that the general market in India is profoundly assorted and for every area diverse technique should be utilized.

Sunday, June 7, 2020

Busting Boredom

   â€Å"He who seeks rest finds boredom. He who seeks work finds rest.† - Dylan Thomas July is National Anti-Boredom Month. It is a fitting month for it, too. After all, students have been out of school for a few weeks, and the novelty of having endless spans of days to lounge around and not do things is growing tedious. But boredom need not be the end result. Rather, allow it to become the impetus to begin engaging activities, whether they be work, as Dylan Thomas encourages, or other forms of enrichment. Not sure what to do? Use this blog post as a launching off point to help you collect some ideas, but don’t stop here. Long summer days and warm weather mean the sky’s the limit (unless your heart’s desire is to build a snowman, that is!). We hope these ideas will inspire you to come up with a few more of your own. If you do, please share them with us! We can all use suggestions to stave off the dreaded, â€Å"I’m bored! There’s nothing to do!† Without further ado, here are a few suggestions to boot the boredom beast to the curb! Start a summer book club in your neighborhood. Pick a fun, summery book to engage young minds. A great place to mine for book suggestions is Sarah Mackenzie’s Read-Aloud Revival. On a particularly hot day, set up the sprinklers in the yard and churn some old-fashioned ice cream. This recipe doesn’t require a machine, but it does take a kid or two to help it along the way! Make homemade bubbles and see who can blow the largest bubble. Start your own micro-business. Check out Lemonade to Leadership for students in middle school and Micro Business for Teens for older kids. Start a photography club. A great book for learning more about digital photography is Better Photo Basics: The Absolute Beginner’s Guide to Taking Photos Like a Pro. Learn how to knit or crochet. There are tons of free videos on the web that will get you up and running in no time. And then you can donate your pieces to charities such as Project Linus. Make it even more fun by starting a club! Visit a new park in your area. If you’re doing the photography club, assign everyone a photo to capture. Camp in the Great (backyard) Outdoors! Pitch a tent, invite some friends, and roast hotdogs and marshmallows around a fire. Start a culinary club and create cuisine from around the world or around the nation. A few books to help spark your imagination include Eat Your Way Around the World and Eat Your Way Through the U.S.A. Teach yourself how to watercolor using a book such as Paint This Book!: Watercolor for the Artistically Undiscovered. Teach your family how to sing using Singing Made Easy. Invite friends over for an old-fashioned game night. Have each person bring a favorite board game and snack to contribute to the fun. Having a rainy day? Take those couch cushions, pillows, tables, and blankets, and build an awesome fort! Make homemade, edible play dough. Become a tourist in your home town. Pull up your Chamber of Commerce website and see what hidden gems your town has to offer. Throughout the summer, visit a few of them.    We hope these ideas have inspired you to bust boredom before it begins by trying something new and imaginative. Do you have any ideas you can share with us? Leave them in the comments. We would love to add to the list so that we all have a bank of suggestions for when the days grow long. Busting Boredom Permalink By marcihJul17 Although we usually do this over the winter holidays, it would work during the summer also. Invite friends over to help decorate sugar cookies. Offer prizes for the most unique, most colorful, most artistic. Be sure to make enough for sampling! Log in or register to post comments Great idea! Permalink By Jennifer MauserJul17 Baking and sweets sure do generate a lot of interest around my house! Log in or register to post comments

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Essay about Bio 101 Evolution Lab - 900 Words

Evolution Lab BIO/101 Pooja Thakur 7-23-12 Evolution Resulting From Natural Selection INTRODUCTION The Evolution Lab simulates environmental situations to determine effects on evolution over periods of time. This lab experiments with the evolution of finches on two different islands over 100, 200, and 300 years. By manipulating parameters that influence natural selection, the effects that natural selection have on the evolution process can be studied. HYPOTHESES †¢ The size of the island will influence the population. †¢ The amount of precipitation will influence beak size. †¢ Variances in beak size will influence beak size. MATERIALS The materials needed for this experiment consist of a computer and†¦show more content†¦This test was also run for 300 years then the data was collected. DATA Test 1 |Parameter |Darwin Island |Wallace Island | |Initial Beak Size |12 mm |12 mm | |Heritability |0.7 |0.7 | |Variance |1 |1 | |Clutch Size |10 eggs |10 eggs | |Precipitation |20 cm |20 cm | |Population |200 birds |200 birds | |Island Size |0.5 km |1 km | | |Results | | |Year |Darwin Island |Wallace Island | |2096 |578 |1107 | |2196 |632 |1236 | |2296 |689 |1458 | [pic] DATA Test 2 |Parameter |Darwin Island |Wallace Island | |Initial Beak Size |12 mm |12 mm | |Heritability |0.7 |0.7 | |Variance |1 |1 | |Clutch Size |10 eggs |10 eggs | |Precipitation |20 cm |40 cm | |Population |200 birds |200 birds | |Island Size |0.5 km |0.5Show MoreRelatedEssay on Evolution of the Finch on Darwin Wallace Island832 Words   |  4 PagesEvolution of the finch on Darwin amp; Wallace Island Wendy Chavez Principals of Biology/BIO 101 12/10/2012 Michael Erickson University of Phoenix Evolution of the finch on Darwin amp; Wallace Island A small population of finches have been discovered on Darwin and Wallace Island. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Role Of Communication Between Your Customers And...

When someone mentions the word communication, one s thoughts are to turn to a newspaper, the radio, television, or another more common means of communication. One does not usually make the connection between communication and other institutions such as businesses. Good business, however, goes hand in hand with good communication. Good managers and professionals realize that the ability to communicate is not something to play around with, instead is a necessity that helps employees accomplish their work. Management Communications Consultant, John O. Morris, states communication problems grow much faster in any organization than the organization itself grows  . This maxim emphasizes the need for better communication in organizations such†¦show more content†¦The other form of communication is two-way communication. Two-way communication occurs when the customers can respond to the company. One of the biggest type of examples of two-way communication is social media. Social media allows business to send out information to its customers, but also allows the customers to respond. In the business world, good communication is important for the daily operation of the company, sales, and profitability.Communication is the process of sharing information, thoughts and feelings between people through speaking, writing or body language. â€Å"Any business professional must be aware that good communication skills are acquired and learned, even if some people have a natural talent to being better communicators than others† (NISTORESCU 2). A business without good communication can cause the internal and external structure of a business to, face many more challenges and problems than it already does, ultimately, these challenges and problems can cause the business to collapse. Effective communication extends the concept to require the transmitted content to be received and understood by someone in the way it was intended. In a business, the goals of effective communication includes creating a common perception, changing behaviors and acquiring information; this is done to not only promote products boost sales, get a point across, and show others that you are better. In order to get your communication effective, you must begin with encoding

Ibsens A Dolls House, Act Two Scene 6 Essay Example For Students

Ibsens A Dolls House, Act Two Scene 6 Essay In Ibsens A Dolls House, in Act Two Scene 6, Noras deceptive behaviour and desperation reaches its climax due to the arrival of the letter. This is because the letter contains the means she used to get hold of the money. During the time when the play took place, society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were supposed to play the role in which they supported their husbands, took care of their children and made sure that everything around the house was perfect. Work, politics and decisions were left to the males. Nora broke the law and decided to borrow money to pay for her husbands treatment. She did not borrow the money in the right way instead she forged her fathers signature. By doing this, she not only broke the law but also stepped away from the role society had placed on her, being totally dependent on her husband. In this scene, she faces the truth in the letter. The person from whom she borrowed the money, Krogstad, wants payment on the loan. He also blackmails her about influencing Helmer to give him a better job at the bank and hence increase his position in society. This causes Nora to try to keep the letter away from her husband; but what is the significance of the letter and what does it mean to Nora? Possibly, this letter catalyses how Nora acts and how she thinks and she has been deceiving Helmer for the whole of their marriage. This included all sorts of deceptions. One thing that a good audience can recognise is how petty her lies become throughout the play. Nevertheless, no matter how petty her lies are, all she wanted is to cover up her secession. Associated with her deception is the situation she is now in, her desperation, which causes an avalanche of deceitful behaviour and thoughts. When Helmer asks if she is trying on her costume, her agreement is followed by I m going to look beautiful for you, which reveals and sums up her deception. The truth is that she is trying to sort out her next moves with Mrs Linde in how to keep Helmer away from that letterbox. Conceivably, Nora is beautiful as commented by Helmer, but what lies underneath her beauty are, the complicated thoughts and the idea of forgery. Nora is a character who acts on her impulse and cannot think of the consequences from her impulsiveness. She is frantic and very hysterical. She talks about a miracle. A miracle, used in this way, is a complex word probably multi-layered with meaning. Nevertheless, this might suggest about a kind of action contrary to the laws of society at the time the play was set. She might be thinking about Helmer taking the blame and paying Krogstad the money. This is impossible because Helmer is too proud. He does not want to give in to women  even if she is his wife. He is someone obsessed with his reputation- a common obsession of males because it was a way of gaining a respectable position in society. This was made worse when he was promoted and gained a position of social esteem. Another idea might be her committing suicide. The audience is aware that she cannot do this because she has to go under the ice, down into the cold black water and then in spring to float up again, ugly, unrecognisable and hairless. She is also a pampered little pretty. Above all she does not believe in anything else, that is why she is trying to believe in the impossible because her desperation has reached its climax. .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 , .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 .postImageUrl , .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 , .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87:hover , .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87:visited , .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87:active { border:0!important; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87:active , .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87 .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u10f3e8180e2c984a8bc454abd8ae2f87:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sinking of the Titanic EssayHer desperation increases as she tries to distract Helmer from opening the letterbox. The audience, as Ibsen engineers Helmers movements towards the box, feel the greatest tension. His movements are interrupted by Nora playing the first bars of the tarantella. The tarantella is used in distracting Helmer from the letterbox but also might implicate something more complex after what Nora says afterwards. The tarantella is a dance accomplished by moving your body nervously in a systematic way. Ibsen might have chosen this deliberately as to show how nervous Noras actions are. It was also believed that the venom from the tarantula spider caused thes e nervous movements and when you danced the tarantella, you could be healed. Her efforts to distract Helmer away from the letterbox fail and she just goes straight to the point of not thinking of anything else except for her. She also begs him not to forsake her when the time comes near her dance of life. This shows the extent of Noras desperation that she has to agree to Helmers superiority to keep her miracle alive. Nora: correct me, lead me the way you always doà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦you see how much I need you! You must show me every step of the way. Right to the end of the dance. Promise me you will Torvald? In the all the other scenes in the play, for eight years in the characters lives, Nora has been covering up all her secession from what her society expects of women. She did not just assert herself but committed a forgery, which she knew deep down that Helmer would not accept it. It is a pivotal moment in her life to see if the miracle will happen. It is not just significance to her but the play as a whole and the audience. It decides what goes on in the other scenes. Later in the play, her actions are prone to this initial but significant scene.

Monday, April 20, 2020

Organized Hypocrisy Essay Example

Organized Hypocrisy Essay Every nation wants to contain its own powers and privileges. Of course it is needed. Any nation satisfying the definition of state can expect the powers and privileges of its own. It does not like others involvement in its matter by other nations. The ability of a nation to constrain other involvement in its internal affairs is called sovereignty.  ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (e.g. legislative, judicial, and/or executive) authority over a geographic region, group of people, or oneself. A sovereign is the supreme lawmaking authority, subject to no other†. The concept of sovereignty got worldwide recognition with the idea of peace, establishment of League of Nations and U.N.O etc. The U.N.O in its charter clearly says about non-interference of other states in the internal affairs of any county. But in reality it is not going to work as we expected. We are seeing internal affairs means only as political affairs, policy affairs. But th ese things are indirectly influenced by other 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wikipedia factors like pro-westernization, economy, its influence on international arena, etc.   Due influence of more number of factors which are showing impact on the sovereignty of a country, the concept of sovereignty has lost its relevance in today’s modern world.   It is nothing like organized hypocrisy rather than true sovereignty.  ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å"The abolition of inter-state war was the declared goal of the Charter of the UN. Today, the aim seems to include the abolition of internal war as well which implies a redefinition both of internal sovereignty and the non-intervention principle.† We will write a custom essay sample on Organized Hypocrisy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organized Hypocrisy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organized Hypocrisy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The term sovereignty has been used in four ways  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   International legal sovereignty  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Westphalia sovereignty  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Domestic sovereignty  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interdependence sovereignty 1. Eberwein, Wolf-dieter;  Badie, Bertrand ; Ingenta Connect 1.  ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å"International Legal Sovereignty: Practices associated with mutual recognition, usually between territorial entities that have formal juridical independence, it contains authority and legitimacy but not control. 2. Westphalian Sovereignty refers to p.org based on the exclusion of external actors from authority structures with in a given territory. 3. Domestic Sovereignty: Formal org of political authority with in the state and the ability of public authorities to exercise effective controls with in borders of their own policy. It is sharing both authority and control. 4. Interdependence Sovereignty, Ability of public authorities to regulate the flow of information, ideas, goods, people, pollutants or capital across the borders of their state, concerned control only, no authority.† Sovereignty became part and parcel of every written constitution and also included in other forms in unwritten 1. Krasner, Organized Hypocrisy constitutions as well. Each and every country talks about its sovereign functions and its sovereignty. For small countries is trying to make propaganda to safe guard its self-interest. This is mainly propagated by the top-level officials to low level officials. However the propaganda of top level is only accountable. These leaders use this in an organized way. They are using it for building personal image  and for the country benefits as well. They make use of the word again and again in a planned way, this helps the country to make progress and continue its respect in international stage. Some times they speak crossing their limitations and also accusing other rival nations which later have to be resolved diplomatically. However human factor has its own influence and it is the main real factor to make things in organized way by several means like propaganda, diplomacy etc. Sovereignty is important and also must need thing now in this period of time is which we think, however in reality it is not so, the concept of sovereignty is loosing its worth. It looks just like an organized hypocrisy now with many developments going around in a quick rate. Hypocrisy means the practice of claiming to have higher standard of beliefs than in the case.   This hypocrisy is poised in a planned and a systematic way to get acceptance of all the sections of people. Every country have its own strategy to maintain that hypocrisy knowingly for its own benefits starting from very big country to small countries depending upon its own requirements. Concept of sovereignty is loosing its grip due to number of factors already stated. These include  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Political affairs  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pro-westernization  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diplomatic relations.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   International system  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Globalization. Some students of international politics take sovereignty as an analytic assumption, other as a description of the practice of actors, and still others as a generative grammar. There is actor oriented perspective Krasner in his books organized hypocrisy focused on actor – oriented perspective. But he says the actors are not the nations like in neo-liberalism, neo-realism etc., International order is must needed thing now or else within no time the world will collapse. This order helps to bind the international society together. â€Å"There are four care values in the present international system. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The maintenance of minimum public order, meaning the avoidance of behavior that would risk general war. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Self-determination, although this term lacks any specific meaning beyond decolonization. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Minimum human rights, which consists of the nation that a state violates international norms if it denies on â€Å"identifiable ¹ group equal access to the political, economic and social perquisite of that society.† 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Modernization, the assertion that living standards should be raised through at the world.† Several international attempts were also dare to maintain balance with in a country between rulers and the minority groups. Minority groups means any section of society whether based on religion, 1. Krasner, Organized Hypocrisy language etc., who are in lesser number are treated as minorities. These people’s rights will be sometimes discarded, and then the rulers say it is their internal affairs. It has sovereign right to deal it by itself. There are several   instances in past and present as well, where such a  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   situation has raised, for example in the Ottoman Empire, Fiji, where settlers are minority groups here, Sunni-Shia conflicts in many Arab countries, struggle between tribal groups in African countries. The claim of the states is that it is their internal affair and no one has right to interfere. Depending upon the issue the international community is interfering and asking the nations to deal the issue in a justified manner. Though there are several methods just like diplomacy, through international institutions , negotiations etc and if they are not going to work out then through economic sanctions , shutting down the diplomatic relations etc.,. Another important factor which influences Sovereignty is very new concept that is Globalization.   We are now staying in a global village where we cannot deny relations with others. If any country does that it will be the looser in the end of the day. Nations will suffer and the citizens of that country will be the real victims of the leaders polices. They say that they have every right to have their own agenda.   These agenda should be accepted by internationally community. Now with the revolution in telecommunications each and every aspect of development of all countries are known to all. If any country go according it own whi ms and fancies the international community is curtailing it with a strategy of collective economic sanctions enforced by international organizations. There are several instances where economic sanctions were imposed. Some of the examples are sanctions on Iraq after Gulf War, sanctions on India and Pakistan after Nuclear Tests, on South Africa for showing racial discrimination, etc. like this there are several examples. Like this there is no freedom to do according to its interests. But unfortunately this is not going to apply for developed countries. They are influencing the international organizations to give financial assistance to the smaller countries and to keep sanctions on them. This is possible due to their higher stake in those. This is making fun of the concept of Sovereignty. This will lose confidence on them and small countries will not trust them. Some countries are ending their relations with IMF and WB.  ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å"Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez announced that his country had withdrawn from the IMF and WB.† And some other Latin American countries like Nicaraguan, Argentina etc are in that way. After giving due importance to developed countries also the international institutions though they are claiming that they are safeguarding the interests of nations and their sovereignty. This is nothing other than the organized Hypocrisy by international community controlled by developed nations. By above examples we may come to a conclusion that international community and globalization is dominating the states sovereignty but is not totally correct as we see. Even though the other factors are looking in front but the real player is the human factor which is influencing all the things.  ²Ã¢â‚¬Å"What Krasner regards as ‘organized hypocrisy’ may also be perceived, at least with some compassion for our human infirmities, as the 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Venezuela to Quit IMF, WB. Deccan Chronicle 2. Krasner, Emperor’s New Clothes. inherent, perforce ineluctable, contradictions of political existence. Hence, stretching this claim to its ultimate limits, it would follow that in the world of history and politics, the human actor, with all his/her constraints and contingencies, has precedence over institutions and structures, that personal decisions override international norms. For the politics of meaning, even for the modern man, lies beyond the politics of state-sovereignty.† How many numbers of the factors may be or what ever the levels of their impact may be these factors undermined the concept of sovereignty which had lot of importance in the earlier days. But now it looks just like an organized hypocrisy.   Unless there are streamlined basic principles established by international conventions and accepted by international community and each and every nation in the world, we may forget the concept of sovereignty forever which is not good for the nations and world at large in long run.

Sunday, March 15, 2020

How to Prepare with GED Classes Online

How to Prepare with GED Classes Online Basics of Preparing with GED Classes Online: If you want to increase your eligibility for jobs and college entrance, consider preparing for the GED online. Many GED classes online offer exam guide books, practice tests, and other material to help students study for the GED. Can I Take the GED Online?: No. It is important to remember that the GED exam cannot be taken through the internet. Although you may prepare for the GED online, you will need to go to a physical testing center to take the actual exam and earn your certificate. Websites that tell you otherwise are scams. Preparing for the GED Online via the American Council on Education: The American Council on Education facilitates the GED exam. Check out their website for GED online study material including the official practice test and sample questions. The website also lists your local testing center. Preparing for the GED Online with Regional Resources: Many adult education resource centers offer students a way to study for the GED online. They may offer you access to virtual video instruction or help you prepare for the GED online with practice programs. Because these centers are designed to help local students, you’ll need to find one in your area. Preparing for the GED Online with Other Websites: When choosing material to help you study for the GED online, avoid websites that promise to send you a GED without the need for testing.Some reputable GED online practice sites include GEDforFree.com and GED Academy.

Friday, February 28, 2020

Applied research method - topic to be defined out of the assignment Essay

Applied research method - topic to be defined out of the assignment - Essay Example The difference in organizational culture is perceivable and culture has been recognized as a strong determinant of beliefs, attitudes and behavior. The strategic decision of M&A would have to take into account the impact of the differences in culture between two organizations or even between two nations. A high percentage of mergers and acquisitions fail to meet expectations and a very strong argument is that cultures were not integrated. This makes it interesting to know the impact that M&A has on the culture of an organization. To determine the impact of cultural differences when M&A take place, literature review would be conducted. There is a broad stream of literature available but since it is not possible to go through or include the entire database, select academic journals would be used to determine the impact that culture has during mergers. Three academic papers are recent while two papers are decades old. This has been done to understand how the mind set of people has changed over time. Literature review permits quick and easy collection of general information on the issue. The literature review would help to arrive at the research question. Cultural differences have been blamed for high failure rate in M&A but research suggests otherwise (Teerikangas & Very, 2006). Differences in top management styles have been found in top US companies but not in rewards and evaluation system to have a negative performance impact. Functional background had a positive impact on post-acquisition performance. A buying firm’s behavior throughout the buying process is influenced by its national background. According to some authors, differences in national cultures are not an impediment but a potential success factor for M&A. Research suggests that decision-makers give disproportionate attention to strategic fit as compared to integration issues (Olie, 1994). One of these issues is the ‘cultural fit’ where the fundamental differences

Tuesday, February 11, 2020

You can choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You can choice - Essay Example This essay is a rhetorical review of the film â€Å"Resurrect Dead: The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles†. Movie producer Jon Foy creates the movie, Resurrect Dead: The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles with the intention of finding out the person responsible with placing tiled messages of resurrecting the dead in various streets of U.S and South America. These Toynbee tiles are hundreds of roughly lettered tiles fixed using tar to pavements and sidewalks in numerous cities in U.S.A and in three South American cities. Toynbee tiles appearance might be in the year 1983 and they seem to bear the same message ‘TOYNBEE IDEA, IN MOVIE 2001, RESURRECT DEAD, PLANET JUPITER. In this idiosyncratic and obstinate documentary, Jon Foy intends to find out the person responsible for creating and placing these Toynbee tiles at the various places they have been spotted. The film tries to achieve its purpose by employing the characters of three young men obsessed with the urge of finding out the artist behind the Toynbee tiles. The three characters go through various strange experiences in their mission. They encountered various peculiar places, among them addresses in south Philadelphia, a convention of ham radio operators and a passage in an old Philadelphia Inquirer. At one instance, Duerr walks out of a Philadelphia deli at around 3.am and happens to find a new tile fixed at that place a few minutes ago. He goes around the area shouting, â€Å"Toynbee Idea! I agree!† (Resurrect Dead), but he are unlucky and cannot spot any the person who fixed the tile. They succeed in finding one person who they suspect is responsible with placing these tiles. The suspect’s neighbor confirms indeed that he is the person responsible with placing the tiles. The film is generally interesting with various scenes succeeding in creating suspense as the trio track down the tile progenitor. The use of narratives in this film is however

Friday, January 31, 2020

Half Caste Essay Example for Free

Half Caste Essay The two poems I am going to compare are I am not that Woman by Kishwar Naheed and Half Caste by John Agard. Although these poems are essentially about different things, with I am not that woman being about a feminist and Half Caste about skin colour, underneath this they are both about being prejudiced against somebody for no real reason. The poem Half Caste begins with the words Excuse me standing on one leg Im half caste. This is an almost apologetic beginning to the poem, it immediately shows that being mixed race is seen as negative, and that the person is unsure of himself, because of this view. In contrast, I am not that Woman starts very strongly with the title words I am not that woman. This, although also creating a feel that women are being treated unfairly, shows that the person in this poem is far stronger in her views that it is unjust, and will not stand for it, whereas the beginning of the other poem leads us to believe that the person will put up with the unfair treatment. Half Caste then goes on to question why when picasso mix red and green is not a half caste canvas. This, as well as the example of the half caste symphony, by Tchaikovsky, is used because these also use half caste things but these are accepted, and even highly regarded. Therefore, the poet is reasoning that he shouldnt be discriminated against when there are lots of things that are mixed that the whites view in high esteem. He is asking why they arent treated in the same unfair way as he is. This could also have an ironic side, as he is pointing out that the whites are so prejudiced against mixed race people and yet some of the things that they hold in the very highest esteem are mixed colours. He carries on questioning in the above way, as though trying to find the answer as to why he is treated as different, when, as he points out, English weather is in their definition, half caste, i. e. mixed. It is a moment where the author shows his utter and complete bewilderment that the English can discriminate against him, when something that is so much a part of them, the weather, is half caste, and therefore, in their opinion, inferior. He cant understand why he is discriminated against by people who are actually linked to half caste things, just like himself. He is asking why he is treated unjustly when so many other things are mixed. Here there is also a play on words, with the weather being described as overcast and the poem being about a half caste person. This play again links the weather more strongly to being mixed as the word is very similar to half caste. I am not that Woman also goes on to talk about being treated unfairly because she was a woman, who would be thought of as inferior. It is also likely that she was black as she talks about custom and tradition which is generally more associated with black societies. However, we are shown in this poem that she has not just accepted it but has fought strongly for her right to be treated the same as everyone else. She says my voice cannot be smothered by stones. By describing how she has fought against prejudice, is it obvious that this woman, like the man in Half Caste, has been discriminated against. It also literally says that I was the one you hid in your walls of stone, which can be taken to mean that she wasnt allowed to do what she wanted but was controlled, which is a form of discrimination and prejudice. However, the difference between the two poems is that, in I am not that Woman, the person stayed strong and is succeeding despite it; where as the other person is struggling along complaining that it is not fair, and as explained in the previous paragraph, questioning why they are being treated like this. It seems that the person in Half Caste possibly only deals with the discrimination by being ironical, taking the idea of half caste to extreme examples to make it clear how foolish a thing it is to discriminate against someone for it. The person in I am not that Woman has not bothered with this, and has merely fought her way through the unpleasantness until she succeeded in breaking free. The two poems therefore show two very different ways of dealing with a similar situation. The next stanza in Half Caste says Ah looking at yu wid de keen half of mih eye. This coupled with other similar references in the stanza, again shows how he is worried and squashed down by the treatment he is receiving. It also makes the reader feel that he is trapped in a certain way and unable to use his whole self, simply because he is not accepted by the community. The word keen could also refer to the fact that he sees the white people completely clearly and can see them for what they are, in his view narrow minded and vicious people as they are unfairly prejudiced against him, and is not fooled by any exterior. He is quite clever enough to know the type of people they are and know what they are doing. I am not that Woman also makes several mentions to the idea of being confined by the way she is thought of. She tells us how she was crushed, bought and sold, and a commodity you traded in. However, the contrast between the two is again that the woman in this poem also mentions that light cannot be hidden in darkness and my voice cannot be smothered by stones. This creates a feeling in the reader that the woman is fighting and still believes that she will become somebody free and equal. Although she also was restricted she has fought to be released from her unfair treatment. The idea in the two poems is of the person who is treated badly being hampered while all the others are free, also has a difference in the way it is dealt with. In Half Caste we are told I offer yu half a hand which establishes the impression that the person is limited, because he is not the same, and cannot use all of himself. This leads us to the feeling that the people who are accepted in community are free to do what they want, especially as some of the references to famous people who also mix tell us that they are accepted as normal, where as the people who have not done something great, have to fit in as a white person and cannot be mixed as they are then hindered. In I am not that Woman we are given images of her hid in your walls of stone, which is again the image of being trapped because of who you are. It also mentions you roamed free as the breeze. This shows us very definitely that one person is restricted, while the ones that fit in, in this case men, in the other poem white people, are unbound. The difference is that in this poem she says chains cannot smother my fragrance. This shows that she still feels she could, and should, be free, and as a consequence, we are made to feel that she is becoming more and more so.

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Christianity, Reform and Freedom in Method Essay -- Religion History E

I feel like I need to begin my methodological introduction with graffiti. Graffiti that says: "Bercovitch Bites," or "Foster Rules," or even "Stop Elitist Historicists." Nothing particularly original -- just a few key phrases that capture the frustration I have felt while researching New Historicism and more particularly, its application to texts. Somehow, graffiti -- the unscholarly domain of angry teenagers armed with cans of spray paint -- echoes my reaction to the scholars in this field who seem to be writing only for other scholars, thus excluding those of us who, fascinated with the ideas expressed, would like to learn about the method and topic by simply picking up a book or article. As I understand it, the whole idea of New Historicist criticism is to enlighten the readers of a text further about that text. Enlighten, educate, teach or inform -- however you put it -- this kind of criticism should be inclusive, not exclusive. The heavy use of jargon and obscure references by t hese critics serves as a "locked gate" that only allows those with the proper credentials a "key" to get in. Within the context of the text I have chosen (A Narrative of the Life and Travels of Mrs. Nancy Prince, by Nancy Prince) this elitist approach seems incongruous simply because of the facts surrounding its author and publication. This is a text written by a primarily self-educated woman who felt very strongly about using her knowledge and abilities in a "hands-on" manner to help and "enlighten" others. Ultimately, she wrote about her experiences to put food on her table, not to impress her colleagues. In any case, for the purposes of this paper, I will attempt to explain what I think New Historicism is and how I intend to use the theories beh... ...iticism. Online. 5 April, 1998. Available: http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/entries/new_historicism.html Cogan, Frances. All-American Girl: The Ideal of Real Womanhood in Mid-Nineteenth Century America. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1989. Epstein, Leslie. The Politics of Domesticity: Women, Evangelism and Temperance in Nineteenth Century America. Middletown: Wesleyan UP, 1981. Howe, Daniel. "The Evangelical Movement and Political Culture in the North during the Second Party System." The Journal of American History 77 (March 1991): 1216-1239. Newton, Judith. "History as Usual? Feminism and the 'New Historicism.'" The New Historicism. Ed. H. Aram Veeser. New York: Routledge, 1989. 152. Prince, Nancy. A Black Woman's Odyssey through Russia and Jamaica: The Narrative of Nancy Prince. New York: Markus Wiener Publishing, 1990.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Child Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation Essay

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography to the Convention on the Rights of the Child defines child prostitution as a commercial sexual exploitation of children whereby a child sells his or her body for sexual activities in return for remuneration or any other form of benefit provided to the prostitute or to another person (United Nations General Assembly, 2000). According to worldwide estimations by the International Labor Organization, out of the 12.3 million people victim to forced labor, 1.39 million are victims of commercial sexual exploitation, 40-50% of who are children (ILO, 2004). Nowadays, we have an increasing rate of child prostitution that is still considered as the worst form of child labor in Asia. UNICEF estimates that 1 million children are lured into sex trade in Asia every year. These children are exploited by local men and foreign tourists having an average of 5 to 10 clients per day, generating $5 billion per year wh erein 40% were sold by parents and 15% by their relatives (Willis, 2002). Japan and South Korea had been two of many Asian countries that currently face the problem of child prostitution. Together with its increasing trend, countries like Japan and Korea have been continually making its effort in solving this problem with a common goal in reducing and in a long run eliminate commercial sexual exploitation of children to protect their rights, welfare and create a better future for upcoming generations. 1.2 Statement of the Problem This study is a comparative analysis on child prostitution in Japan and South Korea. This will provide data on the causes and forms of child prostitution within these countries and the laws and protocols implemented in both countries to fight against child prostitution. Moreover, this paper gears to answer some core questions: 1. What are the primary causes of child prostitution in Japan and South Korea? 2. What are the different forms of child prostitution in Japan and South Korea? 3. What are the laws and protocols signed in solution to fight against child prostitution in Japan and South Korea? Was it able to address the problems regarding child prostitution? 1.3Significance of the Study This study will give way for the analysis in  the difference on the condition of child prostitution in Japan and South Korea. In addition to that this would be able to differentiate how Japan and South Korea face this common problem of child prostitution that in turn will lay an overview of the prevalent obstacle almost all of the countries is facing and battling nowadays. This would lead to the identification of several factors that makes child prostitution very prevalent these days that is very important to be able to address these issues to secure children’s rights and welfare. This would identify specific actions and efforts of the government in both countries to solve child prostitution issues in their respective places that would somehow extend some concern towards the identification of important factors that is needed to be considered in solving this particular dilemma not only in the studied places but also to other countries as well. This study aims to lay possible strategies that must be implemented in other countries to solve this current problem regarding child prostitution. 1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study The researcher aspire to have a comparative analysis of child prostitution in Japan and South Korea as a requirement on Political Science 60- Introduction to Comparative Government and Politics under Prof. Marilou F. Siton-N anaman and the Department of Political Science, Mindanao State University-Institute of Technology. This paper limits its study within the countries mentioned and this study is set to answer the ahead mentioned core questions pertaining to both countries involved. The study underwent a month of data gathering using books, newspaper and reliable internet sources such as e-books. Online sources for data were primarily used. 1.5Conceptual FrameworkCHILD PROSTITUTION JAPAN SOUTH KOREA CAUSES CAUSES FORMS FORMS LAWS LAWS IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION EFFECTS EFFECTS Figure 1 – Conceptual Diagram of Child Prostitution in Japan and South Korea  Child prostitution in countries like Japan and South Korea are caused by several major factors that make it more prevalent these days. In order to take action with the said dilemma, the identification of the forms of child prostitution is very vital in order to formulate and develop laws that would identify grounds and address cases that violate the rights of the children. Through proper implementation of these laws child prostitution are being reduced to secure children’s welfare and rights. 1.6 Operational Definition of Terms Prostitution- the act or practice of engaging in promiscuous sexual relations especially for money or other benefits  Remuneration- payment or compensation received for services or employment  Sexual Exploitation- the use of a child for sexual purposes in exchange for cash or in-kind favors between a customer, intermediary or agent and others who profit from the trade in children for these purposes—parent, family member, procurer, teacher Forced Labor- is any work or services which people are forced to do against their will under the threat of some form punishment. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE In this chapter, related studies and previous works pertaining to child prostitution in countries that discusses relevant major information related  to the comparative study of Japan and South Korea are discussed. The demand for sex drives child sex trafficking globally, while poverty, domestic violence and abuse, discrimination and the desire for a better life make children vulnerable. Children are especially vulnerable to being trafficked because they are often poorly educated, easy to overpower and easy to convince that they must do what an adult tells them to do. Children may also be in a position where they believe they must help to support their families and may be sold or sent abroad by family members to do so. Street children, children in refugee camps, children whose family and community life has been disrupted and do not have someone to look out for them are all especially vulnerable to human trafficking and prone to sex labor (http://ecpat.net/EI/Publications/Trafficking/Factsheet_South_Korea.pdf) Date Accessed: October13, 2011. According to the study conducted by the International Labor Organization through its Action against Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation of Children Programs in Thailand, Philippines, Colombia , Costa Rica and Nicaragua in 2001 that poverty is one contributing factor to the sexual exploitation of children and that is an increasing reality in both Latin America and Asia (ILO_IPEC, 2001). A series of Asian economic crises in the closing years of the 20th century have had a clear impact on the numbers of children being exploited both for labor in general and sexual exploitation in particular. Children living or working on the streets, young domestic workers and child workers in sweatshops and transportation sector—all â€Å"placed† in these vulnerable situations as a multi-faceted response to poverty – are particularly vulnerable to sexual abuse and exploitation. In many countries including Thailand and Philippines, the movement of children from villages and rural areas to cities in the guise of earning money for the family is a major factor in trafficking and sexual exploitation (Thematic Evaluation on Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation of Children, 2001). ILO-IPEC research report of August 1999 indicated that there was an increase of 20 percent in the number of minors working in prostitution in Thailand between January 1998 and January 1999. This coincides with the aftermath of the economic crises in Thailand (International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour,2001). This report has already touched the importance of trying to develop  qualitative indicators and impact measures for the specific needs of evaluating trafficking and sex exploitation-related programming. Child prostitution and pornography is viewed as an increasing serious problem in Japan. Shihoko Fujiwara, representative of Polaris Project Japan, a nonprofit organization that provides support to children and women who are victims of sexual abuse and trafficking, stated that child pornography and child prostitution cases detected in Japan exceeds 5,000 annually, and the number is rising year by year. â€Å"One of the reasons for the increase,† she said, â€Å"is that a growing number of children have become involved in the business through the widespread use of the Internet† (Shimbun, 2010). In 1998, Interpol estimated that nearly 80% of the world’s Internet-based child pornography websites originated in Japan. Although the Japanese government passed legislation in 1999 that effectively cracked down on child pornography providers, Japan continues to be a major producer and patron of child sex tourism. In a recent press conference to announce the release of the State Department’s annual Trafficking in Persons Report which analyzes human trafficking worldwide and documents governments’ responses to it, Secretary of State Colin Powell and Director John Miller both expressed their particular disappointment with Japan – a country which, despite the immense resources available to it, was failing to take appropriate steps to end child sex tourism and other forms of human exploitation. As one of the largest economies in the world, Director Miller censured, Japan’s lackluster response is impermissible: â€Å"Japan does not comply with the minimum standards. We believe that there has been a tremendous gap in Japan that has a huge problem with slavery — particularly sex slavery — a tremendous gap between the size of the problem and the resources and efforts devoted to addressing the problem (Jordan,2004).† The Trafficking in Persons Report of 2010 indicates that the men of South Korea create demand for child sex tourism in their surrounding countries. Technology such as the internet has helped increase accessibility of child sex tourism in the Republic of Korea. Some South Korean men arrange for children from the Philippines, Thailand, and China as sources of sex (Trafficking in Persons Report, 2010). Prostitution in South Korea is a strictly controlled illegal industry, but according to The Korea Women’s  development Institute, th e sex trade in Korea was estimated to amount to 14 trillion Korean won ($13 billion) in 2007, roughly 1.6 percent of the nation’sgross domestic product. The number of prostitutes dropped by 18 percent to 269,000 during the same period. The sex trade involved some 94 million transactions in 2007, down from 170 million in 2002. The amount of money traded for prostitution was over 14 trillion won, much less than 24 trillion won in 2002 (Prostitution in South Korea, 2010). In 2003, the Korean Institute of Criminology announced that 260,000 women, or 1 of 25 of young Korean women, may be engaged in the sex industry. However, the Korean Feminist Association alleged that from 514,000 to 1.2 million Korean women participate in the prostitution industry. In addition, a similar report by the Institute noted that 20% of men in their 20s pay for sex at least four times a month, with 358,000 visiting prostitutes daily (Stiephensoun, 2010). CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter summarizes and explains the methods used in the research which includes its design, setting and treatment of data.  3.1Research Design The research design used for this study is the descriptive-comparative design. The researcher employed a descriptive type of research using books and reliable online sources. This paper also employs a comparative analysis between the two countries being studied. 3.2Research Setting This comparative analysis study focuses in two countries namely: Japan and South Korea. Both countries are located in Asia. The two countries have certain distinction in economic status but both are considered as two of the countries in Asia that has a high rate of child prostitution. Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People’s Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The country is of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are HonshÃ… «, HokkaidÃ… , KyÃ… «shÃ… « and Shikoku. Japan has the world’s tenth-largest population, with about 127 million people. South Korea is located on the southern half of the Korean peninsula and lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. It is neighbor to China to the west, Japan to the east and North Korea to the north. Its capital, Seoul, is the second largest metropolitan city in the world. South Korea has a population of over 48 million, making it the third most densely populated country in the world after Bangladesh and Taiwan. 3.3 Data Gathering Procedures The method used in data gathering was mainly book searching and online surfing. The data being gathered by the researcher are books with ISBN, books in PDF form with an author and websites form the internet, published on 2000-2011. Research was done from the month of July 2011-August 2012. 3.4 Treatment of Data The researcher purely gathered data from printed books, pdfs, e-books and online source. This research paper is a comparative study, has a qualitative presentation of data and descriptive type of analysis. CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS This chapter will discuss the condition of child prostitution problem in Japan and South Korea, identify and differentiate the strategies they are using to address and solve this problem. Furthermore, this chapter attempts to stress some analysis on child prostitution of the ahead mentioned countries. The discussions will be classified according to certain topics. 4.1Primary Causes of Child prostitution The principal cause of child prostitution is poverty, however extreme poverty isn’t a reason in itself, it operates in function of the imposition of other factors such as; economic, social and ethnic despair, discrimination against women and girls, massive urbanization, disintegration of the family and of traditional community systems, ignorance on the part of the majority of parents, commercialization of the status of individuals and more (How to fight the prostitution of minors, 2001). Japan, known to be one of the most developed  countries is a destination place for traffi cking women and children for sexual purposes. Children from Latin America, Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia, in particular Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand are being transported to Japan to work as sex slaves (http://www.humantrafficking.org/countries/japan) July 29,2011. In the other side, South Korea has also become a source, transit and destination country for women trafficked for sexual purposes from China, the Philippines, Russia and Thailand; it also experiences internal trafficking of Korean children. South Korean children are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation in the United States, Japan, Hong Kong, Guam, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Western Europe (Lee, 2005). Poverty is being identified as one of the major factors of child prostitution between countries. Japan and South Korea, both being considered as developed countries was more of being receiving regions in terms of child prostitution. Children mainly females mostly from neighboring developing countries such as Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia and etc. are being brought to Japan to work in different entertainment bars. A very common factor other than poverty that makes child prostitution prevalent nowadays is the presence of internet which is very accessible anywhere and anytime. Thousand of sites catering sexual services from women and children are found to be growing rapidly creating a very harmful dynamic industry that contributes to the big problem both countries are facing. 4.2Different Forms of Child prostitution In Japan, matchmaking or dating websites have become a well-known channel for commercial sexual exploitation of children in Japan. Many underage Japanese schoolgirls fall prey to ‘enjokosai’ (‘compensated dating’) by using ‘deaikei’ websites: through which they can make their contact details available, and use pagers, computers and mobile phones to arrange ‘dates’ with customers who are older and often married. Research has shown that many such girls do not engage in ‘enjokosai’ out of poverty, but rather to be able to purchase brand name clothes, bags, shoes, mobile phones, etc., which, according to them, boosts their self-esteem. They often come from dysfunctional families or experience problems at school (Liddy,2006). The form of child prostitution in Japan differs from that found in other East Asian countries since poverty is not  only the overriding factor. Child pornography is a notable problem. Japan is the most biggest producer of pornography in the world and the Parliament had refused a law banning the production of child pornography, citing â€Å"business reasons† (Antaseeda,1998). According to the Asia Pacific Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in Asia in 1996 the sex industry accounts for 1% of the Gross National Product and equals the defense budget in Japan. If matchmaking and pornographic websites are proven to be popular in Japan, in South Korea Saunas and Tea Houses are the main places of child prostitution. Serious intention to solve child prostitution should have banned all the pornographic sites and matchmaking dating sites long time ago. Conducting symposiums to teachers and parents in order to monitor the daily internet content their child or student had been grasping is a must. They could filter those sites with sexually suggestive content. Entertainment bars, saunas and tea houses that cater sex trade should be raided regularly by assigned proper government agencies. The biggest problem is that the business men that run this sex trade around the country are also the people behind the powerful illegal groups within Japan and South Korea. Even regular government police should be active enough to know and act when they notice something illegal going on when they do rounds on places at night. There are many ways to solve child prostitution; it just has to entail sincerity in implementation and consistency in acting against the problem. 4.3Laws and Protocols to fight Child prostitution In Japan, Law Punishing Acts Related to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and for Protecting Children and its Supplementary Provision, 1999, 90 revised in 2004.Articles 4 to 7 punish acts related to child prostitution and child pornography. Trafficking of children for prostitution or pornography is punished under Article 8 with one to ten years’ imprisonment (Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Japan,1999). In 2006, the Internet Association Japan, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication, the National Police Agency and information technology (IT) experts collaborated to draft guidelines on operating a hotline. The Internet Hotline Centre provides the public the opportunity to report illegal or harmful information found on the internet (Internet Association Japan, 2006). Japanese law now prohibits engaging in, facilitating, and/or soliciting the prostitution of a child; consistent with international law, a child is defined as a person under 18 years o f age.(Law on Punishing Acts related to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and on Protecting Children, 1999). According to the 2003 Deai Kei Site Regulation Law,40 minors are prohibited from accessing ‘deai-kei’ websites (matchmaking websites that facilitate prostitution of children), however no penalties apply. The adults who send communications for this purpose are fined, up to one million yen (approx. US$8,550). Children are usually referred to a Family Court for counselling and protective measures, according to the provisions of the Juvenile Law. After the Deai Kei Site Regulation Law was enacted, access to the ‘deai-kei’ websites and obvious calls for compensated dating, especially those made by children, were drastically reduced for a while; but more disguised soliciting calls have appeared since (Ikemura,2005). A Cybercrime Task Force division was established in 2004 to improve action against online child pornography and online crime. Working in cooperation with the Office for Juvenile Protection, the Task Force acts as the contact point for international cooperation, advises the local police on investigations, prepares draft laws/amendments and policies on information technologies security and raises public awareness on the issue (National Police Agency of Japan,2005). In Korea, child protection issues are handled by the National Youth Commission, which has set up a number of committees to coordinate action against CSEC( Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children), comprising both government agencies and NGOs. An example is the Committee on Combating the Sexual Exploitation of Children. In South Korea, many NGOs working on children’s rights rely on state funding to operate and their financial dependence on the government has prevented them from engaging in a more critical dialogue regarding the actions that need to be taken. In 2004, The South Korean government passed an anti-prostitution law, prohibition of prostitution in South Korea, made it illegal to buy or sell women. South Korea brought in a tough anti-prostitution law in 2004, punishing clients with fines and throwing pimps in prison. In 2007, courts prosecuted 35,000 clients, 2.5 times higher than the number of those who were caught buying sex in 2003 (Stiephensoun, 2010). South Korea developed a National Plan of Action on  Children, which is part of the Five-Year Social and Economic Development Plan (1998–2002)12 and the Five-Year Basic Plan forYouth Protection (2002–2006), which tackles crimes against children, including commercial sexual exploitation(National Youth Commission,2005). In March 2004, the Task Force for the Elimination of Prostitution completed the Sex Trafficking Prevention Plan, which includes measures to protect the rights of victims of forced prostitution and to tackle, through various routes, the facilitation of prostitution (for instance, through the use of the Internet and mobile phones). The Task Force introduced the‘John School’ system, where men who have solicited prostitutes (or are suspected of having done so) participate in rehabilitation programmes instead of receiving a criminal sentence (Jeong, Bong-Hyup,2005). The Illegal and Harmful Contents Report Centre – an independent legal institution that deliberates on reported illegal and harmful Internet content – cooperates with the National Police Agency, National Youth Commission, NGOs, Internet service providers and foreign organizations (Internet 119 Website, 2005). The Republic of Korea ratified the Act on Protection of Youth from Sexual Exploitation. This law defines â€Å"youth exploited obscene materials† as forms of pictures, such as film images, video, computer, or other communications media â€Å"with the appearance of youth,† and including sexual acts (The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights,2006) Both countries have successfully formulated series of laws and protocols in order to act against rampant child prostitution. Japan and South Korea together with its government and non-governmental offices conducted successful conferences in order to draft laws that would possibly cure the problem on child prostitution. Looking into the deeper perspective, identifying the problem and formulating a plan on how to solve a certain social and economic issue are only the first steps to the real fight against child prostitution. Even a particular country formulated thousands of polices for a social or economic problem, if none of those polices or laws was implemented in an effective way then it would waste the whole effort laid to create those policies. Hence, the success of formulated laws depends not on the number of laws being formulated but on how it is truly and effectively implemented and the effects on those policies in a certain  country or society. Japan made its serious efforts of trying to eradicate child prostitution by raising public awareness by having symposiums and local and international conferences. Japan shared information and developed practical regional measures through the Bali Process, and hosted â€Å"The International Symposium on Measures to Prevent the Commercial and Sexual Exploitation of Children in Southeast Asia† in 2003 and many more. Japan integrated international cooperation by supporting projects under the United Nations that includes having such interagency collaborations and institutional arrangements with government organizations like the National Police Agency and Ministry of Foreign Affairs in conducting investigations and took administrative measures for them to more effectively trac e illegal groups that runs bars and entertainment businesses on child prostitution. Japan also stressed out the protection of child prostitution victims by conducting a specific program which gives them shelter and protection. Government organizations contact private shelter to cater the needs of the victims and the government communicates with the country and return these victims to safe return in their respective areas (Paredes-Maceda,2006). By the end of 2008, the Government of Japan had demonstrated increasing commitment to take effective action against trafficking and child prostitution in Japan as a destination country. A watershed was the adoption in December 2008 of the National Plan of Action against Trafficking and Child prostitution. Other announced measures, including the tightening of visa controls and support for the repatriation of victims, may also lead to more controls against trafficking and child prostitution and to improved protection and rehabilitation of victims in their countries of origin (Jordan,2008). According to the CATW Fact Book, Kyodo News in 1998 trafficking and child prostitution laws exist but not enforced. In South Korea, government and non-government organizations as well went hand in hand in banning as much as possible all the pornographic sites. Even sites with suggestive content were banned. Though as recently as 2001 the government received low marks on the issue, in recent years the government has made significant strides in its enforcement efforts. Child trafficking was outlawed and penalties for prostitution increased; the 2004 Act on the Prevention of the Sex Trade and Protection of its Victims was passed,  toughening penalties for traffickers, ending deportation of victims, and establishing a number of shelters for victims. As of 2005, there were 144 people serving jail time for human trafficking (Scofield, 2004). Japan and Korea extended its efforts in solving child prostitution by collaborating through international organizations like the United Nations, as well as local governmental and nongovernmental agencies, but there had been a great discrepancy in the number of arrested individuals compared to the number of people that truly engages to the sex industry. The number of people that engages to child prostitution in Japan alone from entertainment bars, matchmaking websites to porn sites are counted as more than a hundred thousand employers with illegal child victims yet the number of individuals that are caught every year was only a little more than a hundred often times little less than a hundred, that also goes in Korea, there are a lot of people that is involve in child prostitution but the number of imprisoned employers are far little compared to the original number of involve individuals in child prostitution. In addition to that, as mentioned above Japan may have formulated laws and policies but it is rather suggested than imposed. It means whether the citizens follow or not the said law they wouldn’t be directly responsible for it, thus, the laws wouldn’t serve its ultimate purpose on solving the problem of child prostitution. Based on the gathered data, the two countries differed on the level of how they implement laws. Korea is observed to be more empowered and strict in implementing laws against child prostitution. Meanwhile, Japan also considers a lot of factors in implementing the laws. Japan is known to promote more the idea of growing population in solution to its current trend of decreasing population within years. Hence, as a realization we must take into consideration first wider contributing factors on looking how a country face and manage certain problems. Both countries successfully decreased the rate of child prostitution within years with its respective programs and policies. They have enforced laws and strategies that is designed not only to solve a particular problem but also to consider other related factors. CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1CONCLUSIONS As shown by the data and information gathered, it shows that the main root of child prostitution in Japan and South Korea is poverty that leads to unavailability of quality education for children and the urge to work in order to provide their own families daily income for basic necessities in everyday living. In both countries, Japan and South Korea, children were taken from different countries like Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Russia, China and other countries to work on the sex trade industry. Most of them are illegally trafficked from different neighboring countries in order to seek work. The wide use of internet also is a considered as a growing concern in dealing with child prostitution. There are different forms of child prostitution; from pornographic sites and matchmaking sites, child pornography, exploitation through saunas, tea houses and entertainment bars. In Japan and South Korea, there are a lot of laws formulated and signed in order to battle against the problem re garding child prostitution. Governments collaborated with international organizations such as the United Nations as well as nongovernmental and governmental local offices to effectively implement the laws created that would solve the problem regarding child prostitution. Japan and South Korea differs on the level on implementation on their policies. In Japan, the formulated laws are more suggested than imposed; while in South Korea they observe stricter rules and limitations entailed with higher penalties and responsibilities. Since South Korea was able to more effectively implement their policies compared to Japan their rate for child prostitution through years is going lower than of Japan. It might not solve immediately the problem regarding child prostitution but both countries had been successful in lowering their rates in child prostitution. Looking into the deeper perspective, efforts to eliminate child prostitution must entail proper implementation and assessment to provide an accurate picture of the situation so that effective policies and programs can be developed and appropriate solutions be enforced. In the other side, eliminating child prostitution may not solve the problem but may also lead to a more big dilemma as children may transfer to other activities that are just as harmful or perhaps more harmful work condition in order to still seek ways for living to be able to provide their own families basic necessities. 5.2Recommendations Having known through this study that proper implementation of laws plays a big role for a success  of a policy. The researcher would like to open some points for further study regarding with more appropriate laws be formulated in order to protect the interests and welfare of poor children who are always the victim of sex labor and also give way for a better procedure and methods in implementing such formulated laws for it to serve its ultimate purpose and since poverty is seen in this study as the primary cause of child prostitution the researcher would like to further suggest of creating or formulating programs in where the children or the youth would be appropriately given the equal chance to be given quality education for them to be informed with their own rights to avoid abuse. They should implement enforcement to continue to improve efforts against child trafficking, especially to strengthen their ability to identify child victims of trafficking in sexual exploitation and ensure investigation and prosecution of traffickers. Provide training to law enforcement, prosecutors and judges on th e issue of commercial sexual exploitation. Hence, there would be a need to conduct further researches on child trafficking for sexual purposes to identify the scope of the problem, current trends and provide information on traffickers and at-risk groups or victims – this information will strengthen prevention and awareness. In addition, data collected should be disaggregated between children and adults and must include information on the child’s age, nationality and possible background information. The Agenda for Action against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children provides a detailed framework and categories of actions to be taken by governments in partnership with civil society organizations and other relevant actors for combating commercial sexual crimes against children. Broadly, these actions are focused on: 1) Coordination and Cooperation; 2) Prevention; 3) Protection; 4) Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reintegration; and 5) Child Participation. The Agenda for Action is thus the formal and guiding structure used by governments that have adopted it and committed to work against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (National Women’s Education Centre, 2005). Consequently, child prostitution may be reduced if there would be changes in economic development that would raise family incomes and living standards, every state as much as possible must provide widespread, affordable, required and relevant education, formulation and proper implementation of anti- child prostitution laws and most of all the need to change the public attitude  toward children that would elevate the view on the importance of educating the youth and giving also the importance of their individual rights for future generations to come.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

The Value of Gender and How it Represents the Body in Society

In order to answer the question I would like to explain in brief the value of gender and the ways it represents the body in the society. The term â€Å"Gender â€Å"and â€Å"Race â€Å"is by now used so frequently in academic discussions. While sex differences are rooted in biology how we come to understand and perform gender is based on culture. As it is said by ( Byers Dell ) that we always view culture â€Å" as a process through which people circulate and struggle social relations, and therefore, our selves. â€Å" and on the other hand Race has no longer been seen as a biological type. The process of human reality has always seen the constructions of race and gender. As a term ‘Gender ‘refers to the social construction of sex. Gender has come to replace†¦show more content†¦While biology may play a part in male and female behaviour society plays an equal stronger role in influencing the extent to which men and women adopt masculine or feminine characteristics. â€Å"The significant of sex and gender in the lives of member of contemporary western societies â€Å"by ( Le Guin ). As these quote indicates that sex plays a critical roles in the life of the individual influencing everything from the way we dress, to what we eat, the kind of things we do, how we behave, what we likely to achieve in our lives. As we know people in United States are more open minded about gender roles today than they were in the past. Women are now allowed to work as lawyers, truck drivers etc where as men today works as nurses and some even stay at home to take care of their children. As we still see that in many society, has the strong ideas of women working in traditionally male dominated field like constructions, are still viewed, which indicates the gender roles in the society. As Mary Gentile book â€Å" How We learn Who We Are â€Å" describes how she too received the message from church, family and school about what it meant to be white, catholic, Itali an and female. Gentile writes that she came to â€Å"experience that the polarities of gender....were inadequate to describe reality â€Å" Perhaps one of the most inspirational example of a gender non conformist who was able to transcend the confines of gender and race is writer and playwright Lorraine Hansberry, who hasShow MoreRelatedTransgender Discrimination1615 Words   |  7 Pageswhich is gender identification not sexual orientation. Transgender are individuals whose gender identities or gender expressions contrast with traditional social norms and expectations. 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